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Although several progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) phenotypes have recently been described, studies identifying cognitive and neuropsychiatric differences between them are lacking. An extensive battery of cognitive and behavioural assessments was administered to 63 PSP patients, 25 PD patients with similar sociodemographic characteristics, and 25 healthy controls. We analysed differences in phenomenology, frequency and severity of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms between PSP, PD and HC, and between PSP subtypes. Regarding phenotypes, 64.6% met criteria for Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), 10.7% PSP with predominant Parkinsonism (PSP-P), 10.7% with PSP progressive gait freezing (PSP-PGF), and 10.7% PSP with predominant speech/language disorder (PSP-SL). Impairment was more severe in the PSP group than in the PD and HC groups regarding motor scores, cognitive testing and neuropsychiatric scales. Cognitive testing did not clearly differentiate between PSP phenotypes, but PSP-RS and PSP-SL appeared to have more cognitive impairment than PSP-PGF and PSP-P, mainly due to an increased impairment in frontal executive domains. Regarding neuropsychiatric disturbances, no specific behavior was more common in any of the PSP subtypes. Motor deficits delineate the phenotypes included in currently accepted MDS-PSP criteria. Cognition and behavioural disturbances are common in PSP and allow us to distinguish this disorder from other neurological diseases, but they do not differentiate between PSP phenotypes.Motor deficits delineate the phenotypes included in currently accepted MDS-PSP criteria. Cognition and behavioural disturbances are common in PSP and allow us to distinguish this disorder from other neurological diseases, but they do not differentiate between PSP phenotypes.COQ4 is a component of an enzyme complex involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a molecule with primary importance in cell metabolism. Mutations in the COQ4 gene are responsible for mitochondrial diseases showing heterogeneous age at onset, clinical presentations and association with CoQ10 deficiency. We herein expand the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of COQ4-related diseases, by reporting two patients harboring bi-allelic variants but not showing CoQ10 deficiency. One patient was found to harbor compound heterozygous mutations (specifically, c.577C>T/p.Pro193Ser and the previously reported c.718C>T/p.Arg240Cys) associated with progressive spasticity, while the other harbored two novel missense (c.284G>A/p.Gly95Asp and c.305G>A/p.Arg102His) associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Both patients presented motor impairment and ataxia. To further understand the role of COQ4, we performed functional studies in patient-derived fibroblasts, yeast and "crispant" zebrafish larvae. Micro-oxygraphy showed impaired oxygen consumption rates in one patient, while yeast complementation assays showed that all the mutations were presumably disease related. Moreover, characterization of the coq4 F0 CRISPR zebrafish line showed motor defects and cell reduction in a specific area of the hindbrain, a region reminiscent of the human cerebellum. Our expanded phenotype associated with COQ4 mutations allowed us to investigate, for the first time, the role of COQ4 in brain development in vivo.Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria have become dangerous in bringing sporadic outbreaks in public health and nosocomial spreads from the addition of antibacterials/antibiotics continually. Obviously, the pharmacy world is in search of antibacterials that would be invincible by the evolved bacteria. Green synthesis of gold-nanoparticles (AuNps) was focused on the use of aqueous chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and cell-free aqueous extract of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Anabaena spiroides collected from a brackish-water, Bay of Bengal at Puri, Odisha; green-synthesized AuNps could be used as antibacterials against MDR bacteria. The synthesized AuNps were subjected to the following characterizations, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SEM-EDX, XRD and ART-FTIR analysis. An absorption peak at 538 nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of AuNps. A. spiroides-AuNps were monitored for antibacterial activities against MDR pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from clinical samples, namely, Klebsiella oxytoca, MRSA and Streptococcus pyogenes, in vitro; the individual antibiograms of those bacteria were known. The recorded MIC dose values were 25, 20 and 30 mg A. spiroides-AuNps (As-AuNps) against K. oxytoca, MRSA and S. pyogenes, in vitro, respectively. Thus, As-AuNps bear promises as possible antibacterials, in future.Ecological specialization is widespread in animals, especially in phytophagous insects, which have often a limited range of host plant species. This host plant specialization results from divergent selection on insect populations, which differ consequently in traits like behaviors involved in plant use. Although recent studies highlighted the influence of symbionts on dietary breadth of their insect hosts, whether these microbial partners influence the foraging capacities of plant-specialized insects has received little attention. In this study, we used the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, which presents distinct plant-specialized lineages and several secondary bacterial symbionts, to examine the possible effects of symbionts on the different foraging steps from plant searching to host plant selection. In particular, we tested the effect of secondary symbionts on the aphid capacity (1) to explore habitat at long distance (estimated through the production of winged offspring), (2) to explore habitat at short distance, and (3) to select its host plant. We found that secondary symbionts had a variable influence on the production of winged offspring in some genotypes, with potential consequences on dispersal and survival. By contrast, symbionts influenced both short-distance exploration and host plant selection only marginally. The implication of symbionts' influence on insect foraging capacities is discussed. Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better outcome compared with normal weight in patients with HF and other chronic diseases. It remains uncertain whether the apparent protective role of obesity relates to the absence of comorbidities. Therefore, we investigated the effect of BMI on outcome in younger patients without co-morbidities as compared to older patients with co-morbidities in a large heart failure (HF) population. In an individual patient data analysis from pooled cohorts, 5,819 patients with chronic HF and data available on BMI, co-morbidities and outcome were analysed. Patients were divided into four groups based on BMI (i.e. ≤ 18.5kg/m , 18.5-25.0kg/m ; 25.0-30.0kg/m ; 30.0kg/m ). Primary endpoints included all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization-free survival. Mean age was 65 ± 12years, with a majority of males (78%), ischaemic HF and HF with reduced ejection fraction. Frequency of all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization was significantly worse in the lowest two BMI gr not in those aged  less then  75 years without co-morbidities (top). The prognostic effect largely disappears in multivariable analyses even for the former group. These findings question the protective effect of obesity in chronic heart failure (HF). The bleeding risk profile of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) may change over time, and the increment of HAS-BLED score is perceived to result in discontinuations of oral anticoagulants (OACs). To investigate the changes of HAS-BLED scores of AF patients initially with a low bleeding risk. The associations between continuation or discontinuation of OACs and clinical outcomes after patients' bleeding risk profile worsened (ie HAS-BLED increased) were studied. The present study used Taiwan nationwide health insurance research database. From year 2000 to 2015, a total of 24,990 AF patients aged ≥ 20years with a CHA DS -VASc score  ≥ 1 (males) or  ≥ 2 (females) having an HAS-BLED score of 0-2 who were treated with OACs were identified and followed up for changes of the HAS-BLED scores. Patients who did not refill OACs within 90days after their HAS-BLED scores increased to  ≥ 3 were defined as discontinuations of OACs. The risks of clinical outcomes were compared between patients who continued or sto in anticoagulated AF patients may not be the only reason to withhold OACs, but reminds physicians to correct modifiable bleeding risk factors and follow up patients more closely. Associations between Continuation or Discontinuation of Oral Anticoagulants and Risks of Clinical Outcomes after HAS-BLED Scores Increased AF atrial fibrillation; aHR adjusted hazard ratio; ICH intra-cranial hemorrhage; OACs oral anticoagulants.For patients whose HAS-BLED scores increased to ≥ 3, the continuation of OACs was associated with better clinical outcomes. An increased HAS-BLED score in anticoagulated AF patients may not be the only reason to withhold OACs, but reminds physicians to correct modifiable bleeding risk factors and follow up patients more closely. Associations between Continuation or Discontinuation of Oral Anticoagulants and Risks of Clinical Outcomes after HAS-BLED Scores Increased AF atrial fibrillation; aHR adjusted hazard ratio; ICH intra-cranial hemorrhage; OACs oral anticoagulants.The aquatic environment is constantly exposed to chemical pollutants from agriculture and the urban environment. In this study, the effects of Bisphenol A, Naphthalene, and Butachlor on metabolic and antioxidant enzymes of goldfish were investigated during subacute exposure. The samples (n = 144, 100.97 ± 31.47 g) were distributed randomly in 12 glass aquaria (70 L) with a stocking density of 12 fish for each. Each aquarium was exposed to one of each pollutant (Bisphenol A with 500 μg/L, Butachlor with 0.28 μL/L and Naphthalene with 200 μg/L) separately, while the control group remained without contaminants for the entire 5 weeks of the experiment. The result showed that the activity of AST (Aspartate transaminase), ALT (Alanine transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatases), and POD (Guaiacol Peroxidase) significantly altered in contaminants treatments. The POD level, an antioxidant enzyme, showed a significant increase, especially on the 14th day of exposure to Bisphenol A (p  less then  0.05). In conclusion, these enzymes, as a biomarker, can be useful in environmental biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems.Used oyster shells are considered a waste product of the seafood industry. Herein, we hypothesize that oyster shells can be used as a raw ingredient to synthesize effective sorbents. This study investigated the lead sorption ability of modified oyster shells [phosphoric-acid treated oyster shell (POS) and oyster shells with phosphoric acid (OS + P)] from water. XRD confirmed the presence of calcium phosphate. Lead removal efficiency as a function of sorbent type was as follows OS + P > POS > OS. https://www.selleckchem.com/ Sorption was quantified effectively using Freundlich isotherms with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. The Freundlich parameter values of Kf and n indicate that POS and OS + P exhibit stronger lead sorption than OS. These results indicate that modified oyster shells with OS + P and POS could be effective sorbents for lead removal from water. Kinetic models were well described by a pseudo-second-order rate constant for all the sorbents.

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