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Current outbreaks of the COIVD-19 pandemic demonstrate a global threat. In this paper, a conceptual model is developed for the COVID-19 pandemic, in which the people in society are divided into Susceptible, Exposed, Minor infected (Those who need to be quarantined at home), Hospitalized (Those who are in need of hospitalization), Intensive infected (ventilator-in-need infected), Recovered and Deceased. In this paper, first, the model that is briefly called SEMHIRD for a sample country (Italy as an example) is considered. Then, exploiting the real data of the country, the parameters of the model are obtained by assuming some basis functions on the collected data and solving linear least square problems in each window of data to estimate the time-varying parameters of the model. Thus, the parameters are updated every few days, and the system behavior is modeled according to the changes in the parameters. Then, the Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) Model of COVID19 is derived, and its stability analysis is presented. In the end, the influence of different levels of social distancing and quarantine on the variation of severely infected and hospitalized people is studied.Aim SARS-CoV-2, an emerging betacoronavirus, is the causative agent of COVID-19. Currently, there are few specific and selective antiviral drugs for the treatment and vaccines to prevent contagion. However, their long-term effects can be revealed after several years, and new drugs for COVID-19 should continue to be investigated. Materials & methods In the first step of our study we identified, through a gene expression analysis, several drugs that could act on the biological pathways altered in COVID-19. In the second step, we performed a docking simulation to test the properties of the identified drugs to target SARS-CoV-2. Results The drugs that showed a higher binding affinity are bardoxolone (-8.78 kcal/mol), irinotecan (-8.40 kcal/mol) and pyrotinib (-8.40 kcal/mol). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gdc-0068.html Conclusion We suggested some drugs that could be efficient in treating COVID-19.Aim Sex differences in COVID-19 outcomes might be explained from a sex hormones (SexHs) perspective. Materials & methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched up to March 2021. Results Based on the literature review, the crosstalk between SexHs (estrogens, progesterone and testosterone), their receptors (estrogen α and β, androgen, and progesterone) and the immune system shaped the sex-related differences in immune responses against COVID-19. Differential production of SexHs over the lifespan (during pregnancy, reproductive years, menopause and andropause) and over different seasons may result in disparities in body response toward COVID-19. Moreover, SexHs-specific differences might affect vaccine efficacy and response to treatment. Conclusion The roles of SexHs need to be considered in vaccine development and even treatment of COVID-19.Aim SARS-CoV-2 caused more than 3.8 million deaths according to the WHO. In this urgent circumstance, we aimed at screening out potential inhibitors targeting the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Materials & methods An in-house carboline and quinoline database including carboline, quinoline and their derivatives was established. A virtual screening in carboline and quinoline database, 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area calculations were carried out. Results The top 12 molecules were screened out preliminarily. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area ranking showed that p59_7m, p12_7e, p59_7k stood out with the lowest binding energies of -24.20, -17.98, -17.67 kcal/mol, respectively. link2 Conclusion The study provides powerful in silico results that indicate the selected molecules are valuable for further evaluation as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM syndrome is a key guideline, and Chinese materia medicas are widely used to treat hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to different TCM syndromes. However, the prognostic value of TCM syndromes in HBV-related HCC patients has never been studied. A retrospective cohort of HBV-related HCC patients at Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from December 2005 to October 2017 was analyzed. The prognostic value of TCM syndromes in HBV-related HCC patients was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox analysis, and the TCM syndrome with the best prognosis of HBV-related HCC patients was determined. To further study the relevant mechanisms, key Chinese materia medicas (KCMMs) for the TCM syndrome with the best prognosis were summarized, and network pharmacology was also performed. A total of 207 HBV-related HCC patients were included in this research, and we found that HBV-related HCC patients with TCM excess syndrome had better OS. Then, a total of eight KCMMs for TCM excess syndrome were identified, whose crucial ingredients included quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, luteolin, and XH-14, and KCMMs could play a therapeutic role through MAPK, JAK-STAT, Wnt, Hippo, and other pathways. Moreover, TP53, SRC, STAT3, MAPK3, PIK3R1, HRAS, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, EGFR, and JAK2 were determined as the key targets. We propose a new research method of "prognosis of TCM syndromes-KCMMs-network pharmacology" to reveal the prognostic value of TCM syndromes and the potential mechanism by which TCM syndromes affect prognosis.We propose a new research method of "prognosis of TCM syndromes-KCMMs-network pharmacology" to reveal the prognostic value of TCM syndromes and the potential mechanism by which TCM syndromes affect prognosis. Polyherbal formulations and ( ) are used in Indian traditional medicine for diabetic chronic wounds, fistula, fissure, eczema, and burn management. We aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of crude hexane and ethanol extracts of formulations. Antibacterial activity of extracts was tested to estimate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against nine reference bacterial strains, including one methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) , and clinical strains of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), all involved in diabetic foot infection. The anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts was evaluated in LPS-treated macrophage cells by measuring the mRNA levels and secretion of inflammatory mediators. The antibacterial activity of extracts was higher against Gram (+) bacteria, with the MICs varying from 1.95 to 62.5 mg/mL. Gram (-) bacteria were only susceptible to ethanol extracts of . Plant extracts were found to be the most active against the reference and clinical strains of MSSA, MRSA, and biofilm-forming . extracts efficiently inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the mRNA expression and protein secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 , and chemokines MCP-1 and CXCL10 in LPS-challenged macrophages. In the present study, we have shown that extracts of formulations possess potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that could be involved in chronic wound healing activity and has the potential to be used as external add-on therapy in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections at the wound.In the present study, we have shown that extracts of JT formulations possess potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that could be involved in chronic wound healing activity and has the potential to be used as external add-on therapy in the management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections at the wound. is a worldwide used medicinal plant for its various medicinal functions, and the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of is increasing in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the reporting quality and risk of bias of the current RCT reports of different species. Six databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to identify RCTs that used as a single intervention and were published in English or Chinese from inception to December 2020. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement was used as the checklist for assessment, and a scoring system was applied to the evaluation of RCTs. link3 Score 0 represents no reporting or inadequate reporting, and score 1 represents adequate reporting. The risk of bias of the included studies was also assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A total of 39 RCTs were included in this study, including 23 RCTs of ( . ), 8 RCTs of ( . ), and 8 RCTs of ( . ). None of the included studies met all the CONSORT statement criteria, and the reporting quality of RCTs of the three species was all generally poor. Based on the risk of bias assessment, the majority of included studies were judged to have an unclear risk of bias in most domains due to inadequate reporting. There is inadequate reporting among the included RCTs of different species, and RCTs of with higher reporting quality and better methodological quality are needed.There is inadequate reporting among the included RCTs of different Rhodiola species, and RCTs of Rhodiola with higher reporting quality and better methodological quality are needed. The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD) remains uncertain, but the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), pacemakers that regulate gastrointestinal motility, are garnering attention as key modulators and therapeutic targets in FD. This review comprehensively discusses the involvement of ICCs in the pharmacologic actions of FD and as therapeutic targets for herbal products for FD. A search of the literature was performed using PubMed by pairing "interstitial cells of Cajal" with "medicinal plant, herbal medicine, phytotherapy, flavonoids, or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)." From the 55 articles screened in the initial survey, 34 articles met our study criteria. The search results showed that herbal products can directly depolarize ICCs to generate pacemaker potentials and increase the expression of c-kit and stem cell factors, helping to repair ICCs. Under certain pathological conditions, medicinal plants also protect ICCs from oxidative stress and/or inflammation-induced impairment. Two representative herbal decoctions ( , and ) have been shown to modulate ICC functions by both clinical and preclinical data. This review strongly indicates the potential of herbal products to target ICCs and suggests that further ICC-based studies would be promising for the development of FD treatment agents.This review strongly indicates the potential of herbal products to target ICCs and suggests that further ICC-based studies would be promising for the development of FD treatment agents. An increasing number of systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of clinical trials have begun to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing in patients with stroke. To systematically appraise and synthesize these results, we conducted an overview of SRs/MAs. Eight databases from their inception to April 2020 were searched to include all SRs/MAs on TCM nursing for stroke. Methodological quality assessment was performed using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) and evidence quality assessment was performed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Eleven SRs/MAs regarding TCM nursing for stroke were included. The assessments with AMSTAR-2 indicated that the methodological quality of all included SRs/MAs was critically low. According to the evaluation results of GRADE, 10 (40%) outcomes were rated as critically low-quality evidence, 7 (28%) low-quality evidence, and 8 (32%) moderate-quality evidence.
