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All in all, Aedes communis (de Geer, 1776) proved to be the most common mosquito in Estonia, accounting for 30.1% of the specimens collected. This is noteworthy, as this species has been implicated in the transmission of multiple disease agents present in the area. New evidence revealed the presence of Ae. hexodontus Dyar, 1916, Ae. sticticus (Meigen, 1838), Anopheles messeae Falleroni, 1926 and Culiseta bergrothi (Edwards, 1921) in Estonia.A new stomatopod-associated species of the alpheid shrimp genus Athanas Leach, 1814 is described based on several specimens collected in shallow waters of northern New Caledonia. Athanas philippei n. sp. differs from all of its congeners by a unique combination of morphological characteristics, as well as a diagnostic colour pattern. All specimens of A. philippei n. sp. were collected from burrows, including one with its host, a large tiger mantis shrimp, Lysiosquillina maculata (Fabricius, 1793) (Lysiosquillidae). Thus, the new species represents the fifth species of Athanas known or presumed to be associated with the spacious burrows of stomatopods.We describe iguanodontian post-cranial remains, including a cervical vertebra, two dorsal vertebrae, five caudal vertebrae, a metacarpal, right femur, tibia and fibula, and a small femur possibly from a juvenile of the same taxon. This is the first record of a juvenile iguanodontian co-occurring with an adult from Thailand. The material was recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Khok Pha Suam, Ubon Ratchathani Province, north-eastern Thailand. It was reconstructed to belong to a non-hadrosauriform styracosternan. This study provides the first osteological description of iguanodontian post-cranial material in Thailand and its potential autapomorphic features. However, whether it belongs to a previously named taxon or represents a new one cannot be assessed yet and must await further discovery.A new species Procloeon (Procloeon) kottagudiensis sp. nov. is described based on larva and adult characters from a submontane stream of the Western Ghats, peninsular India. Diagnostic characters, distribution and habitat ecology of the described species are provided. Keys for the known larvae and male imagos of Oriental Procloeon (Procloeon) are provided.The first ever list of terrestrial enchytraeids of Eastern Dagestan includes 12 species belonging to five genera. Several species from studied localities may be assigned as undescribed, therefore additional comprehensive research of enchytraeid fauna from Eastern Dagestan is required. A new enchytraeid species of the genus Fridericia Michaelsen, 1889, Fridericia samurai sp. nov., is described from Eastern Dagestan, Russia. It clearly differs from other species of the genus by short and simple oesophageal appendages, not subdivided spermathecal diverticula, and the absence of spermathecal ectal glands and clitellum on ventral side.Megalanceoloides remipes is a rare deep-sea species known from very few specimens. Until recently (Zeidler 2019) it was known only from the type, an incomplete female, and one other specimen, probably a juvenile female (Vinogradov 1964). Another specimen, an ovigerous female, described by Gasca Haddock (2016) and compared to the previous two, was later considered to be a new species, M. aequanime Gasca, 2017 (Gasca Browne 2017). More recently, Williams Bunkley-Williams (2019) proposed another new species, M. gascae, for the specimen described by Vinogradov (1964). Thus, a redescription of M. remipes is still required, especially in light of the two new species proposed by these authors. The recent discovery of several specimens of M. remipes, including both sexes, in the USNM (Zeidler 2019) has now made it possible to provide a detailed redescription of the species, together with the first description of males, enabling a better comparison with M. aequanime and M. gascae.Details of the post-embryonic development of two Notodromadidae species, Notodromas trulla Smith Kamiya, 2014 and Newnhamia fenestrata King, 1855, (subfamily Notodromadinae) are provided, and compared with previous ontogenetic studies on other podocopid families and superfamilies. The ontogenetic development is generally similar to other families, consisting of eight free-living juvenile stages and one adult stage, but the first instar, with a leg-like mandible, resembles that of the Cyprididae, rather than other families. From the A-7 instar onwards, the ventral margin of the carapace is a flattened ovoid, and the dorsolateral eye cups are separated, resembling those of the adults, suggesting that a neustonic lifestyle, similar to that of the adults, is embraced from a very early age. In addition to the ventral margin, other apomorphies of the Notodromadinae include spur-like protrusions on the walking legs of juveniles, which become reduced in adults, and features of the mandibles, probably related to neustonic feeding. Overall, Ne. fenestrata has more plesiomorphic features than No. trulla, and most differences between the two species are related to sexually selected characters, such as different sexually dimorphic features of the antennae. This suggests that sexual selection has been the main evolutionary driving force causing morphological divergence in the subfamily. The two taxa, one from Japan (No. trulla), the other Australia (Ne. fenestrata), have perhaps been separated since the breakup of Pangaea, which started in the Middle Jurassic. This suggests that despite the long geographical isolation, many aspects of ostracod anatomy have remained unchanged over long periods of time. On reviewing the taxonomy of the family, we conclude that monophyly needs to be confirmed with further work, and the subfamily Notodromadinae can be divided into two groups the Notodromas-group and the Newnhamia-group.Two subfamilies of bee flies, Ecliminae and Lomatiinae, are first reported from China with the description of the following two new species Lomatia shanguii sp. nov. and Thevenetimyia cingulata sp. nov. A key to the Chinese subfamilies of Bombyliidae and a key to the Palaearctic species of Thevenetimyia Bigot are also presented.The current work presents the description of a new species for the genus Arachnopsita Desutter-Grandcolas Hubbell, 1993 from caves in the municipality of Raxruh, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. The morphology of the phallic complex was used as the main criterion for distinguishing the species. In addition, we present the additional description for Arachnopsita cavicola (Saussure, 1897) and Arachnopsita uncinata Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997 from a new analyzed material. Finally, we present some ecological remarks for all the studied species as well as a brief discussion on troglomorphic traits for the genus.Two new genera and species, Stegostriaria dulcidormus (Trisariinae) and Kentrostriaria ohara (Striariinae), are described from Oregon and Idaho, respectively. The new species are distinct from any other striariids, and indeed from any other chordeumatidan millipedes, in having the second dorsal crests greatly enlarged, giving them a fanciful resemblance to stegosaurid dinosaurs. In spite of this similarity, the two species are so distinct they cannot be accommodated in the same genus or the same subfamily. The exaggerated metazonital crests are therefore attributed to convergent evolution. We present a key to the genera of the family Striariidae.The three most important eighteenth century works on echinoids were by Klein (1734, 1778) and Leske (1778). Confusion about the authorship of Kleins 1778 publication has led many subsequent, and most current, workers to attribute both 1778 works to Leske. It is clear that Leske himself recognised Klein as the author of the volume published first. Following the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), the names for taxa in Klein (1734) are unavailable because they are pre-1758 (as are those in the French translation of 1754); the names in Klein (1778) are unavailable because of the lack of consistency in binominal nomenclature; only the names adopted by Leske (1778) are available for species and genera.A new species in the Mileewinae genus Processina Yang, Deitz Li, 2005, P. hunanensis sp. nov., from China is described. A checklist and a key to all known species of Processina are provided.A new species of Tunaima Fennah, 1968 is described and illustrated from Southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states) and a distribution map is provided. Tunaima mejdalanii sp. nov. is characterized by having tegmen brownish with two orange spots, spine-like process located between middle and apical third of dorsal margin of subgenital plate, paramere booth-shaped, dorsal margin irregular with a mountain-shape elevation. The type series of the new species belongs to the Museu Nacional (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) collection. Fortunately, this series has been sent on loan to the second author before the tragic fire that destroyed the Quinta da Boa Vista Palace in 2018.Two new solifuge species of the genus Pseudocleobis (Solifugae, Arachnida) from northern Patagonia and southern Monte desert biogeographical regions are described P. mauryi sp. nov. and P. profanus sp. nov. New records of P. huinca Maury, 1976, P. bardensis Maury, 1976 and P. solitarius Maury, 1976 are provided. The female of P. solitarius is described based on specimens from the type locality. SEM photographs, schemes of diagnostic characters, and maps of the known distributional records are provided for the five species treated here. Pseudocleobis profanus sp. nov. is closely related to P. huinca and P. bardensis, and the three species may form a species group characterized by the peculiar morphology of the male movable finger mucron and the flagellum. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/protokylol-hydrochloride.html Ctenidia on male sternite III and IV are reported for the five species.The Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune (ZSI-WRC) contains 1887 specimens of mostly unstudied marine brachyuran crabs. The present systematic study on the marine crabs of ZSI-WRC reports 62 species in 44 genera, 18 families and nine superfamilies. Of these, four genera and 13 species are new distributional records within India. We also record three species for the first time from the Indian waters Metopograpsus cannicci Innocenti, Schubart Fratini, 2020 (Grapsidae MacLeay, 1838), Varuna yui Hwang Takeda, 1986 (Varunidae H. Milne Edwards, 1853), and Ilyograpsus paludicola (Rathbun, 1909) (Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851). The record of Varuna yui is significant as it is the first time it has been found from the western Indian Ocean. The subfamily Ilyograpsinae tevi, 2005, has likewise not previously been reported from India. The taxonomy of the poorly known menippid crab, Sphaerozius scaber (Fabricius, 1798), is clarified with the designation of a lectotype, and its taxonomy is discussed. Sphaerozius scaber can be distinguished from the only congener S. nitidus Stimpson, 1858, by its prominently tuberculated carapace, palm and carpus of the chelipeds, and the strongly curved male first gonopod, with the distal part gently tapering into a truncate tip. Sphaerozius scaber is a new addition to the west coast of India. With the inclusion of the present new records, India is now known to have 939 species of marine brachyuran crabs in 375 genera of 63 families.
